Mesothelial cell

Mesothelial Cell

A Mesothelial cell is a type of cell that forms the mesothelium, a protective layer of cells that line the body's internal organs and cavities. These cells are derived from the mesoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The mesothelium is part of the coelomic epithelium.

Structure and Function

Mesothelial cells are squamous epithelial cells that are characterized by their flat and thin appearance. They form a monolayer of cells that line the pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdomen), and pericardium (heart). These cells are interconnected by tight junctions, which prevent the passage of fluid and particles between the cells.

The primary function of mesothelial cells is to provide a slippery, non-adhesive, and protective surface over the organs they cover. This allows for the smooth movement of organs within their respective cavities, such as the expansion and contraction of the lungs or the beating of the heart.

Mesothelial cells also play a role in the transport of fluid and cells across the serosal cavities, inflammation and tissue repair, and the formation of peritoneal adhesions.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in mesothelial cells can lead to a number of medical conditions. For example, mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer, arises from the mesothelial cells lining the lungs, abdomen, or heart. This is often associated with exposure to asbestos.

Peritoneal dialysis, a treatment for kidney failure, relies on the mesothelial cells in the peritoneum to filter waste products from the blood.

Research

Research into mesothelial cells is ongoing, with scientists investigating their role in disease processes such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. Understanding the biology of these cells could lead to new treatments for a range of conditions.

See Also

• Mesothelium
• Mesoderm
• Mesothelioma
• Peritoneal dialysis