Methodism

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George Whitefield (head)

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Wesley's Chapel during Wikimania 2014 by-RaBoe 68

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Camp meeting of the Methodists in N. America J. Milbert del M. Dubourg sculp (cropped)

Methodism is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement. It originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide.

History

Methodism began with the ministry of John Wesley in the 18th century. Wesley was a Church of England clergyman and scholar who led a revival movement within the church, emphasizing a methodical approach to scriptures and Christian living—hence the term "Methodism". The movement grew rapidly, organizing small groups known as "classes" for spiritual edification and mutual support.

Early Development

The movement's early development was marked by significant contributions from John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley, who wrote many of the hymns that remain popular in Methodist churches. George Whitefield, another key figure, was known for his powerful preaching. The split from the Church of England was gradual and was not formalized until after John Wesley's death.

Expansion

Throughout the 19th century, Methodism played a significant role in the Evangelical Revival in the United Kingdom and the Second Great Awakening in the United States. Methodists were at the forefront of social reform movements, including the fight against slavery and the promotion of education for the poor.

Beliefs and Practices

Methodist theology is rooted in the interpretation of Scripture and the teachings of John Wesley. It emphasizes salvation by faith, the witness of the Spirit, and the importance of living a holy life. Methodists practice an open table at Communion, welcoming all who love Christ to participate.

Sacraments

Methodists recognize two sacraments as instituted by Christ: Baptism and the Lord's Supper. Baptism is a sign of God's mercy and a means of grace. The Lord's Supper is a means of grace that commemorates the last supper of Jesus with his disciples.

Social Principles

Methodism has a strong tradition of social justice, advocating for the rights and dignity of all people. It has been involved in efforts to combat poverty, inequality, and injustice.

Structure

The Methodist Church is organized on a connexional model, which is a hierarchical structure connecting individual churches to larger circuits and conferences. This allows for both a strong sense of community and efficient decision-making processes.

Global Methodism

Today, Methodism is a global movement with churches and missions around the world. The World Methodist Council serves as a partnership of Methodist denominations, facilitating collaborative work and witness.

See Also

• John Wesley
• Charles Wesley
• George Whitefield
• Evangelical Revival
• Second Great Awakening