Methodist

Methodism is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's brother Charles Wesley were also significant early leaders in the movement. It originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate denomination after Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide.

History

Methodism began primarily through the work of John Wesley (1703–1791), who led an evangelical revival in 18th-century Britain. An Oxford University graduate and Anglican priest, Wesley was deeply influenced by Pietism and the works of Christian mystics. In 1738, Wesley experienced a spiritual awakening that led him to develop a methodical approach to spiritual growth. These methods included regular attendance at Church of England services, receiving the Eucharist, studying the Bible, and meeting in small groups. Wesley's preaching emphasized the need for a personal and experiential faith, assurance of salvation, and the pursuit of holiness.

Theology

Methodist theology is rooted in the teachings of John Wesley and is characterized by Arminianism, in contrast to the Calvinism of many other Protestant movements. Wesley emphasized the doctrine of justification by faith, but he also stressed the importance of sanctification in the believer's life, teaching that Christians could achieve a practical holiness through God's grace. Methodism also teaches the possibility of Christian perfection, a controversial doctrine among other Christian denominations.

Worship and Practices

Methodist worship is varied and can be characterized by its emphasis on a liturgical and enthusiastic service, including the singing of hymns, reading of scripture, and the sermon. The use of hymns in Methodist worship is a distinctive element, largely derived from the contributions of Charles Wesley, who wrote several hymns. Moreover, Methodism places a strong emphasis on social justice, with a long history of advocacy for the abolition of slavery, the establishment of prison reform, women's rights, and the enfranchisement of the poor.

Structure

The governance of Methodist churches differs, but most are organized on a connexional model, differing from the more hierarchical structure of the Roman Catholic Church or the decentralized arrangement of many Baptist churches. In the connexional system, local churches are part of larger administrative districts that share resources and are accountable to one another under the oversight of bishops.

Global Impact

Methodism has had a significant impact globally, with major presences in the United States, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. In the United States, the United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination, with other branches like the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the Free Methodist Church. Methodism has also been influential in shaping public policy and social structures through its strong commitment to social justice.

See Also

• John Wesley
• Charles Wesley
• Arminianism
• Evangelicalism
• Protestantism