Methylnitrosourea

Methylnitrosourea (MNU) is a potent mutagen and carcinogen, which results in random mutations in the genome when it interacts with DNA. It is often used in laboratory settings for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis studies.

Chemistry

Methylnitrosourea is a nitrosourea compound. It is a derivative of urea in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by a nitroso group and the other by a methyl group. It is a volatile, colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents.

Mechanism of Action

Methylnitrosourea acts as an alkylating agent, transferring a methyl group to DNA bases, primarily at the O6 position of guanine. This methylation leads to mispairing of guanine with thymine during DNA replication. If the damage is not repaired by the cell, this can result in a point mutation.

Use in Research

Methylnitrosourea is commonly used in research to induce mutations in experimental animals to study the process of carcinogenesis. It is also used in the creation of animal models for human diseases, particularly cancer.

Health Effects

Exposure to methylnitrosourea can have severe health effects, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Long-term exposure can lead to the development of various types of cancer, particularly those of the central nervous system.

Safety

Due to its high toxicity and carcinogenicity, methylnitrosourea should be handled with extreme caution. It is recommended to use appropriate protective equipment and follow safe laboratory practices when handling this compound.

See Also

• Nitrosourea
• Mutagen
• Carcinogen
• DNA