Metyrapone

Metyrapone is a drug used primarily in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and occasionally in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase, which is involved in the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands.

Mechanism of action

Metyrapone works by inhibiting the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase. This enzyme is responsible for the final step in the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands. By inhibiting this enzyme, metyrapone reduces the production of cortisol.

Uses

The primary use of metyrapone is in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. In this context, it is used in the metyrapone test, where the reduction in cortisol production is used to assess the function of the pituitary gland.

Metyrapone can also be used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome, a condition characterized by an excess of cortisol in the body. However, it is not a first-line treatment and is typically used only when other treatments are not suitable or have failed.

Side effects

The most common side effects of metyrapone include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and skin rashes. In rare cases, it can cause sedation, dizziness, and allergic reactions.

History

Metyrapone was first synthesized in the 1950s and has been used in medical practice since the 1960s. Despite its long history, it is not widely used due to the availability of more effective and safer treatments for the conditions it is used to treat or diagnose.

See also

• Adrenal insufficiency
• Cushing's syndrome
• 11β-hydroxylase
• Cortisol