Michaelmas

BL Harley 624, f. 134v - Michael and the dragon

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Michaelmas, also known as the Feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, the Archangels, is a Christian festival observed on the 29th of September every year. This day is significant in the Christian liturgical calendar as it honors the archangel Michael along with all angels. Michaelmas has various customs and traditions associated with it, reflecting its importance in religious, cultural, and social contexts.

Origins and History

The celebration of Michaelmas dates back to the early Christian centuries, with its origins rooted in the Eastern Christian tradition of honoring angels and archangels. It was later adopted in the Western Church, becoming a major feast day by the early Middle Ages. The day is named after Saint Michael, who is considered the greatest of all the archangels and is often depicted as a warrior defeating a dragon, symbolizing the victory of good over evil.

Religious Significance

In Christian theology, Archangel Michael is seen as the protector against the dark of night and the guardian of Christians. The feast is mentioned in several ancient liturgical sources, including the Sacramentary of Gregory, indicating its long-standing significance in Christian worship. Michaelmas is a time for Christians to reflect on the spiritual battle and the presence of angels as protectors and guides.

Customs and Traditions

Michaelmas is associated with various customs and traditions across different cultures. In the British Isles, it marks the end of the harvest season and is often celebrated with feasting and sports. Traditionally, a special meal including a goose cooked in a manner similar to the Thanksgiving turkey in the United States is served, symbolizing prosperity and protection in the coming year.

In addition to feasting, Michaelmas daisies (Aster amellus), which bloom around this time, are used in decorations, symbolizing the last blooms of the season and the beauty of nature. The day also marks a key date in the academic and legal calendars in England, signifying the beginning of the new term.

Impact on Literature and Popular Culture

Michaelmas has been referenced in literature and folklore, often symbolizing change and the transition from light to dark as days shorten. In agricultural societies, it was a pivotal time of year, signaling the need to prepare for the coming winter.

Contemporary Observance

Today, Michaelmas is observed in various ways around the world. In the Anglican, Catholic, and some Protestant churches, special services and prayers are dedicated to the Archangels. However, many of the secular traditions associated with Michaelmas have diminished or evolved into modern celebrations.

See Also

• Christian liturgical calendar
• Feast of the Archangels
• Saint Michael in Christian art