Microorganisms

Microorganisms or microbes are microscopic organisms that exist as unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and algae, collectively known as 'microbiota'.

Classification

Microorganisms are classified into four major groups: bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists. Each group has distinct characteristics and roles in the environment.

Bacteria

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. They are found in every habitat on Earth, including in and on the human body.

Archaea

Archaea are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure, but they have a unique biochemistry. They are also known for living in extreme environments.

Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

Protists

Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms, which are not bacteria, fungi, or animals. They are usually single-celled and microscopic.

Role in the environment

Microorganisms play critical roles in Earth's biogeochemical cycles. They are essential in the cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Role in human health

Microorganisms are critical for human health. They help with digestion and provide essential nutrients. Some microorganisms can cause diseases, known as pathogens.

See also

• Microbiology
• Pathogen
• Prokaryote
• Eukaryote

References

Microorganisms Resources
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