Midbody (cell biology)

A structure formed during cell division

Midbody (cell biology)

The midbody is a transient structure that forms during the final stages of cytokinesis in animal cells. It is a critical component in the process of cell division, ensuring the successful separation of daughter cells. The midbody is located at the center of the intercellular bridge that connects the two daughter cells.

Diagram of a midbody during cytokinesis

Structure

The midbody is composed of a dense matrix of proteins and microtubules. It forms from the remnants of the mitotic spindle and is characterized by a tightly packed bundle of microtubules that are derived from the central spindle. These microtubules are surrounded by a variety of proteins that regulate the final steps of cell division.

Function

The primary function of the midbody is to coordinate the final separation of the daughter cells, a process known as abscission. During abscission, the midbody serves as a platform for the recruitment of proteins that mediate the severing of the intercellular bridge. This ensures that the two daughter cells are completely separated and can function independently.

Dynamics

The midbody is a highly dynamic structure. It assembles during the late stages of anaphase and persists through telophase until the completion of cytokinesis. After the daughter cells separate, the midbody is often released into the extracellular space, where it can be degraded or taken up by one of the daughter cells.

Clinical significance

Defects in midbody formation or function can lead to improper cell division, which is associated with various diseases, including cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern midbody dynamics is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to target cell division in cancer cells.

Related pages

• Cytokinesis
• Cell division
• Microtubule
• Mitotic spindle