Mirabilis linearis

Mirabilis linearis NPS-1

Mirabilis linearis, commonly known as the narrowleaf four o'clock, is a species of flowering plant in the family Nyctaginaceae. This perennial herb is native to the western United States, where it is found in a variety of habitats, from desert scrublands to grasslands and woodlands. The plant is notable for its linear, narrow leaves and its colorful, trumpet-shaped flowers, which can range in color from pink to magenta.

Description

Mirabilis linearis is a perennial herb that grows from a thick, tuberous root. It typically reaches heights of 20 to 60 cm. The leaves are linear to lanceolate, measuring 1 to 5 cm in length, and are arranged alternately along the stem. The flowers of Mirabilis linearis are its most distinctive feature. They are funnel-shaped, 2 to 3 cm long, and appear in the late afternoon, hence the common name "four o'clock". The flowers can be pink, magenta, or sometimes white, and they have a faint, sweet fragrance. The plant blooms from late spring to early fall, depending on the local climate.

Distribution and Habitat

Mirabilis linearis is widely distributed across the western United States, including states such as California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It thrives in a variety of environments, from desert lowlands to mountain foothills, indicating its adaptability to different soil types and moisture levels. The plant prefers sunny locations and is often found in open, disturbed areas, where it contributes to the biodiversity of the ecosystem.

Ecology

The flowers of Mirabilis linearis open late in the day to attract nocturnal pollinators, such as moths. This adaptation allows it to successfully reproduce in arid environments where daytime pollinators may be scarce. The plant is also a food source for various species of wildlife, including birds and small mammals, which feed on its seeds.

Cultivation and Uses

While not commonly cultivated, Mirabilis linearis can be grown in gardens as an ornamental plant. It is valued for its drought tolerance and its ability to attract pollinators. The plant requires minimal care, thriving in well-drained soils and full sun. It can be propagated from seed or by division of the tuberous roots.

In some Native American cultures, Mirabilis linearis has been used for medicinal purposes. Various parts of the plant have been used in traditional remedies, although such uses are not widely documented in scientific literature.

Conservation

Mirabilis linearis is not currently listed as a threatened species. However, like many native plants, it faces threats from habitat destruction, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the survival of this species and the ecosystems it supports.