Monilinia fructigena

Monilinia fructigena is a fungal pathogen that primarily affects fruit trees, causing a disease known as brown rot. It is a member of the Ascomycota division, which includes a wide variety of fungal species, many of which are significant in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling.

Taxonomy

The fungus was first described in 1915 by mycologist Erwin Frink Smith, who named it Sclerotinia fructigena. It was later transferred to the genus Monilinia, which includes several other important plant pathogens.

Description

Monilinia fructigena is characterized by its ability to produce large numbers of conidia, or asexual spores, which are spread by wind and rain. The fungus also forms sclerotia, hardened masses of mycelium that can survive adverse conditions and germinate when conditions improve.

Distribution and habitat

Monilinia fructigena is widely distributed in temperate regions of the world, where it infects a variety of fruit trees, including apple, pear, and plum. It is particularly prevalent in areas with high rainfall and humidity, which favor the spread of the fungus.

Pathogenicity

The fungus infects fruit through wounds, often caused by insects or mechanical damage. Once inside the fruit, it produces enzymes that break down the fruit tissue, causing it to rot. The rotting fruit then serves as a source of spores for further infection.

Management

Control of Monilinia fructigena involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical treatments. Cultural practices include pruning to improve air circulation and reduce humidity, and removal of infected fruit to reduce the source of spores. Chemical treatments include the use of fungicides, which can be applied to protect the fruit from infection.

See also

• Monilinia laxa
• Monilinia fructicola