Monilinia mali

Monilinia mali is a fungal pathogen that primarily affects apple trees. It is responsible for a disease known as apple brown rot, which can cause significant damage to apple crops.

Taxonomy

Monilinia mali is a member of the Ascomycota phylum, which is the largest phylum of fungi, comprising about 75% of all fungal species. It belongs to the Sclerotiniaceae family, which includes many other important plant pathogens.

Description

Monilinia mali is characterized by its ability to produce conidia, which are asexual spores that are spread by wind or water. These conidia are typically oval in shape and have a smooth surface. The fungus also produces sclerotia, which are hardened masses of mycelium that can survive in the soil for extended periods.

Disease Cycle

The disease cycle of Monilinia mali begins when the fungus overwinters in infected apple fruit or in the soil as sclerotia. In the spring, the sclerotia germinate and produce conidia, which are spread to healthy apple trees by wind or rain. Once on the apple tree, the conidia germinate and infect the apple fruit, causing brown rot. The infected fruit eventually falls to the ground, where the fungus can overwinter and start the disease cycle again the following year.

Management

Management of Monilinia mali involves a combination of cultural practices and chemical control. Cultural practices include pruning infected branches and removing infected fruit from the tree and ground. Chemical control typically involves the application of fungicides during the growing season.

Economic Impact

Monilinia mali can cause significant economic losses in apple orchards. The fungus can infect a large percentage of the apple crop, rendering the fruit unmarketable. In addition, the cost of managing the disease can be substantial.

See Also

• Apple scab
• Fire blight
• Cedar-apple rust