Monkeys

Monkeys are a diverse group of primates that are generally divided into two main groups: the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and the Old World monkeys (Cercopithecoidea). They are found in various habitats across the world, including tropical rainforests, savannas, and mountainous regions.

Classification

Monkeys are part of the order Primates, which also includes apes and humans. They are further classified into two parvorders:

• Platyrrhini (New World monkeys): These monkeys are native to Central and South America. They are characterized by their broad, flat noses and prehensile tails, which are often used for grasping and balance.
• Cercopithecoidea (Old World monkeys): These monkeys are found in Africa and Asia. They have narrow noses and non-prehensile tails. Old World monkeys are more closely related to apes and humans than to New World monkeys.

Anatomy and Physiology

Monkeys exhibit a wide range of physical characteristics, but they generally have flexible limbs, dexterous hands, and forward-facing eyes that provide stereoscopic vision. This adaptation is crucial for their arboreal lifestyle, allowing them to judge distances accurately when moving through trees.

Skeletal System

Monkeys have a flexible skeletal structure that supports their agile movements. Their shoulder joints are highly mobile, allowing for a wide range of motion necessary for brachiation and climbing.

Nervous System

The nervous system of monkeys is highly developed, with a large brain relative to body size. This allows for complex behaviors, social interactions, and problem-solving abilities.

Behavior

Monkeys are known for their complex social structures and behaviors. They often live in groups, which can range from small family units to large troops. Social hierarchies are common, with dominant individuals having priority access to resources such as food and mates.

Communication

Monkeys communicate using a variety of vocalizations, facial expressions, and body postures. These signals are used to convey information about social status, reproductive readiness, and environmental threats.

Diet

Most monkeys are omnivorous, with diets that include fruits, leaves, insects, and small animals. Their diet can vary significantly depending on their habitat and the availability of food resources.

Conservation

Many monkey species are threatened by habitat destruction, hunting, and the illegal pet trade. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation, legal protection, and breeding programs to ensure the survival of endangered species.

Also see

• Primate
• Ape
• New World monkey
• Old World monkey
• Evolution of primates