Monmouth cap

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Gold monmouth cap from Inkwell

Monmouth Cap is a type of knitted woolen headgear historically associated with the town of Monmouth, Wales. Originating in the 15th century, these caps were an essential part of the British seaman and soldier's uniform for several centuries, known for their distinctive style and practicality. The Monmouth cap became an emblem of the town's knitting industry, which flourished due to the availability of high-quality wool from the local Ryeland sheep.

History

The earliest known reference to the Monmouth cap dates back to the 14th century, with the cap's popularity peaking in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was during this period that an Act of Parliament was passed, making it compulsory for males over the age of six to wear woolen caps on Sundays and holidays. This legislation was intended to support the domestic wool industry, and the Monmouth cap was one of the beneficiaries of this law.

Monmouth caps were particularly favored by sailors and soldiers due to their durable, weather-resistant woolen construction, which provided warmth and protection from the elements. The caps were also part of the uniform of the New Model Army, illustrating their widespread use and acceptance.

Design

The design of the Monmouth cap is simple yet functional. It is characterized by a rounded shape and, typically, a buttoned brim, allowing the wearer to adjust the cap for comfort and protection against the weather. The caps were usually made from thick, felted wool, making them waterproof and insulating. Some variations included a distinctive loop on top, which could be used to hang the cap or pull it down over the ears for added warmth.

Manufacture

The manufacture of Monmouth caps was a cottage industry in Monmouth and the surrounding areas. Skilled knitters, often women, would produce the caps in their homes before selling them to merchants and military suppliers. The industry was so integral to the town's economy that Monmouth was known as a center for high-quality woolen goods.

Legacy

Although the Monmouth cap fell out of general use with the advent of more modern textiles and changing fashion, it remains an important symbol of Monmouth's historical textile industry. The cap is celebrated as part of the town's heritage, with replicas still being made by enthusiasts and historical reenactors.

The Monmouth cap is not only a piece of military and naval history but also a significant artifact in the study of British textile history, demonstrating the importance of woolen industries to the economy and everyday life in past centuries.

See Also

• Knitting
• Textile industry in Wales
• Military uniform
• Naval uniform