Monoamine

Monoamine is a type of amino acid that contains one amine group. Monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan via the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. They are major components of neurotransmitters, and play a significant role in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Classification

Monoamines can be classified into two major groups:

1. Indolamines: These are monoamines that are derived from the amino acid tryptophan. The most notable indolamine is serotonin, which plays a crucial role in mood regulation.
2. Catecholamines: These are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Examples include dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These neurotransmitters are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions such as mood, stress response, and heart rate.

Function

Monoamines function as neurotransmitters in the nervous system. They are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions such as mood, stress response, and heart rate. Monoamines are also involved in the regulation of sleep, appetite, and sexual behavior.

Monoamine Hypothesis

The monoamine hypothesis of depression suggests that a deficiency of certain monoamines in certain areas of the brain is responsible for the pathophysiology of depression. This hypothesis is supported by the effectiveness of antidepressants that increase the levels of these monoamines in the brain.

See Also

• Amino acid
• Neurotransmitter
• Central nervous system
• Peripheral nervous system
• Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Norepinephrine
• Epinephrine
• Monoamine hypothesis
• Antidepressants

Monoamine Resources
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