Monomagnesium phosphate

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Magnesium phosphate monobasic

Monomagnesium phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(H2PO4)2. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water, forming a weakly acidic solution. Monomagnesium phosphate is one of the magnesium salts of phosphoric acid. It is used in various applications, including as a leavening agent in the food industry, in the preparation of ceramics, and as a component in some fertilizers.

Properties

Monomagnesium phosphate is characterized by its solubility in water and its ability to form a weak acid solution. It has a molar mass of 120.366 g/mol. When dissolved in water, it dissociates into magnesium ions (Mg^2+) and dihydrogen phosphate ions (H2PO4^-), which can further dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydrogen phosphate ions (HPO4^2-), depending on the pH of the solution. This property makes it useful in various chemical and industrial processes, especially where pH control is necessary.

Production

Monomagnesium phosphate is typically produced through the reaction of magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) with phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The reaction conditions, including the concentration of the reactants and the temperature, are controlled to favor the formation of monomagnesium phosphate over other possible products.

Applications

Food Industry

In the food industry, monomagnesium phosphate is used as a leavening agent. It reacts with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) in the presence of moisture and heat to produce carbon dioxide gas, which helps baked goods rise. This reaction is an essential part of the baking process for many types of bread and cakes.

Ceramics

In the production of ceramics, monomagnesium phosphate can be used as a binder to improve the mechanical strength of ceramic bodies before they are fired. It helps in the formation of a strong bond between the ceramic particles, leading to a more durable final product.

Fertilizers

Monomagnesium phosphate is also used as a component in some fertilizers. It provides a source of both magnesium and phosphorus, which are essential nutrients for plant growth. Its solubility in water allows it to be readily absorbed by plants when applied to the soil.

Health and Safety

As with many chemical compounds, appropriate precautions should be taken when handling monomagnesium phosphate. It should be stored in a cool, dry place and kept away from incompatible substances. Direct contact with the skin or eyes should be avoided, and it should not be ingested. In case of contact, the affected area should be rinsed thoroughly with water.

See Also

• Magnesium phosphate
• Phosphoric acid
• Leavening agent
• Fertilizer