Mormons

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Joseph Smith Preaching to the Indians by William Armitage

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Crossing the Mississippi on the Ice by C.C.A. Christensen

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Mormons are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), a Christian restorationist church that is considered by its followers to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The church is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has established congregations and built temples worldwide. Mormons are known for their strong community and family values, missionary work, and the practice of tithing.

Beliefs and Practices

Mormons believe in the Bible and in another scripture called the Book of Mormon, which they consider to be another testament of Jesus Christ. The Book of Mormon tells the story of a group of Israelites who migrated to the Americas around 600 BC and their descendants. Mormons also adhere to two other books of scripture: the Doctrine and Covenants, which contains revelations and writings of church leaders, and the Pearl of Great Price, which includes the book of Abraham, Moses, and other texts.

Central to Mormon doctrine is the belief in a living prophet, who leads the church under the guidance of Jesus Christ. The current prophet is considered a successor to Joseph Smith, the founder of the LDS Church. Mormons also believe in the importance of living a moral life, participating in ordinances such as baptism and confirmation, and in the concept of eternal families, which can be sealed together forever through special ceremonies conducted in LDS temples.

History

The LDS Church was founded by Joseph Smith in New York in 1830. Smith claimed to have been visited by God the Father and Jesus Christ, who instructed him to restore the true Christian church. He later translated the Book of Mormon from golden plates he said were given to him by an angel named Moroni. The early years of the church were marked by persecution and migration, culminating in the trek to Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young after Smith's martyrdom in 1844.

Missionary Work

Mormons are perhaps best known for their missionary work. Young men and women, often referred to as "elders" and "sisters," serve missions around the world for a period of 18 to 24 months. Missionaries focus on teaching about Jesus Christ and the LDS Church's doctrines, and they provide community service.

Controversies and Criticisms

The LDS Church has faced criticism and controversy, including issues related to its historical practice of polygamy, which was officially discontinued in 1890, and its policies and teachings on LGBTQ+ matters. The church's role in political matters, such as the support of California's Proposition 8 in 2008, has also been a source of contention.

Community and Culture

Mormons place a strong emphasis on family life, education, and humanitarian aid. The church operates a comprehensive welfare system, educational programs including Brigham Young University, and humanitarian services worldwide. Cultural practices such as abstaining from alcohol, coffee, tea, and tobacco are part of the health code known as the Word of Wisdom.

Demographics

As of the early 21st century, the LDS Church reports having millions of members worldwide, with the majority living outside the United States. The church continues to grow, particularly in Latin America and Africa.