Morning after

Morning After refers to the concept and practices associated with emergency contraception. Emergency contraception is a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. The term "Morning After" is colloquially used but encompasses various methods, including emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs).

Overview

Emergency contraception is intended for use within a short period following unprotected intercourse, contraceptive failure, or sexual assault. The effectiveness of emergency contraception decreases the longer the delay in its administration. The most common forms of emergency contraception are:

• Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs): Often referred to as the "morning-after pill," ECPs are available in different formulations. The primary types include levonorgestrel (LNG) pills and ulipristal acetate (UPA) pills. LNG pills are effective up to 72 hours after intercourse, while UPA pills can be effective up to 120 hours (5 days).
• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs): Copper-bearing IUDs can be used as emergency contraception up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. They are the most effective form of emergency contraception and provide ongoing contraceptive protection.

Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action for emergency contraception varies by type:

• ECPs: They primarily work by delaying or inhibiting ovulation. They may also prevent fertilization or implantation, but this is not their primary mechanism.
• IUDs: Copper IUDs prevent fertilization by causing a chemical change in sperm and egg before they can meet.

Access and Availability

Access to emergency contraception varies globally due to regulatory, cultural, and economic factors. In many countries, ECPs are available over the counter without a prescription, while in others, a prescription is required. The availability of IUDs for emergency contraception typically requires a visit to a healthcare provider.

Controversies and Misconceptions

Emergency contraception has been subject to controversies and misconceptions, including confusion with abortion pills, which it is not. Emergency contraception is designed to prevent pregnancy and does not terminate an existing pregnancy.

Conclusion

Emergency contraception is a critical component of reproductive health services, offering individuals a last chance to prevent unintended pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. Its effectiveness is highest when used as soon as possible after the event.