Motor development

Motor development refers to the growth and strengthening of a body's muscles, as well as the ability to move and control those muscles to perform various physical activities. It is a subfield of developmental psychology, which focuses on the psychological changes that occur over a person's lifespan. Motor development can be divided into two main areas: gross motor skills, which involve the larger muscles used in movement (such as those in the arms and legs), and fine motor skills, which involve smaller muscle groups (such as those in the hands and fingers).

Stages of Motor Development

Motor development typically follows a predictable sequence of stages, from simple movements to more complex tasks. These stages are:

1. Reflexive Movement Stage (0-1 year): This stage is characterized by automatic movements or reflexes, such as sucking and grasping.
2. Rudimentary Movement Stage (0-2 years): This stage involves the development of basic motor skills, such as sitting, standing, and walking.
3. Fundamental Movement Stage (2-7 years): This stage involves the development of fundamental motor skills, such as running, jumping, throwing, and catching.
4. Specialized Movement Stage (7-14 years): This stage involves the development of specialized motor skills, which are typically related to sports and recreational activities.
5. Application Stage (14+ years): This stage involves the application of motor skills in more complex and specialized activities, such as those required in specific sports or occupations.

Factors Influencing Motor Development

Several factors can influence motor development, including:

1. Genetics: Genetics can influence the rate and sequence of motor development. For example, some children may develop motor skills faster than others due to their genetic makeup.
2. Environment: The environment can also influence motor development. For example, children who are regularly exposed to physical activities are likely to develop motor skills faster than those who are not.
3. Nutrition: Proper nutrition is essential for motor development, as it provides the necessary energy and nutrients for muscle growth and development.
4. Physical Health: Physical health can also influence motor development. For example, children with physical disabilities or illnesses may experience delays in motor development.

See Also

• Child development
• Physical development
• Motor learning
• Motor control

References

Motor development Resources
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