Mountain bike

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Orbea Occam 2020

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Mountain-bike-racing

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2002 Trek 800 Sport

Full suspension mountain bike

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Mountain bike is a type of bicycle designed for off-road cycling. Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain. These typically include a suspension on the front, a full suspension on the back, large knobby tires, more durable wheels, more powerful brakes, and lower gear ratios for climbing steep grades.

Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories including cross country (XC), trail riding, all mountain (Enduro), downhill (DH), freeride, dirt jumping, and trials. Each of these disciplines requires a different type of bike and riding technique.

History

The sport of mountain biking originated in the late 1970s in Northern California, USA, with riders using modified heavy cruiser bicycles to race down steep hills. The first purpose-built mountain bike was created by Joe Breeze in 1978. In 1981, the first mass-produced mountain bike, the Specialized Stumpjumper, was manufactured. Since then, mountain biking has grown into a popular sport and recreational activity worldwide.

Design and Specification

Mountain bikes are designed to withstand the tough terrain of off-road trails. Key features include:

• Suspension: Modern mountain bikes typically come with front suspension (hardtail) or both front and rear suspension (full suspension) to absorb shocks from rough terrain.
• Tires: Wider than those on road bikes, with aggressive tread patterns for added traction on loose surfaces.
• Brakes: Disc brakes are now standard on most mountain bikes for their superior stopping power in all conditions.
• Frame materials: Common materials include aluminum, steel, carbon fiber, and titanium, each offering a balance of strength, durability, and weight.
• Gearing: Mountain bikes often have a wide range of gears to handle the varied terrain of mountain trails.

Types of Mountain Biking

• Cross Country (XC): Focuses on endurance and efficiency over long distances.
• Trail Riding: A mix of climbing and descending, focusing on the adventure of exploration.
• All Mountain (Enduro): Similar to trail riding but with more emphasis on technical descents.
• Downhill (DH): Focuses on fast and steep descents, requiring a high level of skill.
• Freeride: Emphasizes tricks, jumps, and other stunts on natural and man-made features.
• Dirt Jumping: Riding bikes over jumps made of dirt or soil and performing tricks.
• Trials: A test of balance and precision, involving riding over obstacles without putting the feet down.

Mountain Bike Maintenance

Regular maintenance is crucial for the safety and longevity of a mountain bike. Key maintenance tasks include checking tire pressure and tread, inspecting the brakes and suspension, lubricating the chain, and ensuring that all bolts are tightened properly.

Mountain Biking Culture

Mountain biking has developed a distinct culture with a strong community, specialized gear, and its own slang. It is celebrated through festivals, races, and group rides. Magazines, websites, and films also play a significant role in the mountain biking community.

Environmental Impact

Responsible mountain biking minimizes environmental impact. Riders are encouraged to stick to designated trails, avoid riding in wet conditions to prevent trail damage, and respect wildlife and other trail users.