Mucin 5AC

Ideogram human chromosome 11

Mucin 5AC

Mucin 5AC is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC5AC gene. It is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins that are major components of mucus. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by epithelial tissues. MUC5AC is primarily found in the respiratory tract and plays a crucial role in protecting and lubricating the mucosal surfaces.

Structure

MUC5AC is a large, gel-forming mucin that contains multiple tandem repeats of glycosylated domains. These glycosylated domains are responsible for the gel-like properties of mucus. The protein structure of MUC5AC allows it to form a protective barrier on the epithelial surfaces, preventing pathogens and irritants from damaging the underlying tissues.

Function

MUC5AC is involved in maintaining the integrity of the respiratory epithelium by forming a barrier that traps foreign particles and pathogens. It also plays a role in lubricating the airways, facilitating the movement of mucus and protecting the underlying tissues from damage. Dysregulation of MUC5AC expression has been associated with various respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis.

Clinical Significance

Abnormal expression of MUC5AC has been linked to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Increased production of MUC5AC is observed in conditions characterized by excessive mucus production, such as chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. In contrast, decreased levels of MUC5AC have been reported in diseases like cystic fibrosis, where impaired mucin production leads to mucus dehydration and airway obstruction.