Muff (handwarmer)

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Francesc Masriera - Winter 1882 - Google Art Project

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A Muff in Five Views MET DP823897

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Black muff with fur trim - DPLA - 1f0c78b9a918aaca350483b062d0fe4c (page 1) (cropped)

Muff (handwarmer)

A muff is a fashion accessory for keeping the hands warm, traditionally made of fur or other warm materials. The muff is a cylindrical tube with both ends open for placing the hands. Historically, muffs were used by both men and women in Europe from the 16th century onwards, reaching peak popularity in the 18th century. The use of muffs has varied over time, with fluctuations in fashion and changes in societal norms influencing their popularity.

History

The history of the muff can be traced back to the 16th century in Europe, where it was initially a luxury item worn by the aristocracy. In the 17th and 18th centuries, muffs became a common fashion accessory among both men and women. They were made from a variety of materials, including fur from animals such as fox, rabbit, and mink, as well as fabric versions for less affluent wearers. The size and design of muffs varied greatly, with some being simple and functional, while others were elaborate and decorated with jewels or embroidery.

During the 19th century, the popularity of muffs began to decline among men, but they remained a fashionable accessory for women. The Victorian era saw a resurgence in the use of muffs, particularly among the upper classes, as part of the elaborate outfits that characterized the period's fashion. However, by the early 20th century, the use of muffs had again declined, this time due to changes in fashion and the increasing importance of practicality in clothing and accessories.

Design and Materials

Muffs are designed to be held in front of the body, with the hands placed inside from either end. They can be made from a variety of materials, including:

• Fur: The most traditional material, providing warmth and softness. Popular fur choices include mink, fox, and rabbit.
• Wool: Knitted or woven wool muffs are less luxurious but still provide warmth.
• Synthetic fabrics: Modern muffs may be made from synthetic materials that mimic the appearance and warmth of natural fur.

Some muffs also feature inner linings of silk, satin, or other soft fabrics for additional comfort. Decorative elements, such as ribbons, embroidery, or beads, may be added to enhance the muff's appearance.

Cultural Significance

The muff has held various cultural significances throughout history. In the 18th century, it was a symbol of wealth and status, as only the affluent could afford the most luxurious fur muffs. It also played a role in the rituals of courtship and social interaction, as a muff could be a gift from a suitor or used to convey modesty and femininity.

In contemporary times, muffs are less common and are primarily used for historical reenactments or as a fashion statement in cold climates. They are also seen in bridal fashion, especially in winter weddings, where they add a touch of elegance and warmth.

Modern Usage

Today, muffs are not as widely used as they once were, but they still find a place in winter fashion, particularly in regions with cold climates. They are appreciated for their unique blend of functionality and style, offering an alternative to gloves and mittens. Additionally, modern muffs may include pockets or compartments for holding small items, such as keys or a mobile phone, adding a practical aspect to their design.