Music of Mali

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Native name
Etymology
Other names
Stylistic origins	Traditional African music, Griot music, Mande music
Cultural origins	Mali, West Africa
Typical instruments	Kora, Balafon, Ngoni, Djembe, Talking drum
Derivative forms

The Music of Mali is a rich and diverse tradition that reflects the country's historical and cultural heritage. Mali, located in West Africa, is home to a variety of ethnic groups, each with its own musical traditions. The music of Mali is known for its intricate rhythms, melodic structures, and the use of traditional instruments such as the kora, Balafon, and Ngoni.

Historical Background

Mali has a long history of musical traditions that date back to the Mali Empire (c. 1235–1600). The empire was a major center of trade and culture in West Africa, and its influence extended across the region. Music played a vital role in the empire, serving as a means of communication, storytelling, and cultural expression.

The Griots, or jeliw, are traditional musicians and storytellers who have preserved the history and culture of Mali through their music. They are considered the custodians of oral tradition and are highly respected in Malian society. Griots perform at important social events such as weddings, naming ceremonies, and religious festivals.

Musical Instruments

Malian music is characterized by the use of several traditional instruments:

• Kora: A 21-string lute-bridge-harp used extensively in West Africa. It is played by plucking the strings with the fingers.
• Balafon: A type of wooden xylophone with gourd resonators, played with mallets.
• Ngoni: A traditional string instrument, similar to a lute, with a long neck and a small body.
• Djembe: A goblet-shaped drum played with bare hands, known for its wide range of tones.
• Talking drum: An hourglass-shaped drum whose pitch can be regulated to mimic the tone and prosody of human speech.

Genres and Styles

Malian music encompasses a variety of genres and styles, each associated with different ethnic groups and regions:

• Mande music: Originating from the Mande people, this style is characterized by the use of the kora and balafon, and is often performed by griots.
• Wassoulou music: A popular genre that originated in the Wassoulou region of southern Mali. It is known for its use of the kamalengoni (a smaller version of the ngoni) and its themes of social issues and women's rights.
• Desert blues: A fusion of traditional Tuareg music with modern blues, popularized by bands such as Tinariwen.

Contemporary Malian Music

In recent decades, Malian music has gained international recognition, with artists such as Ali Farka Touré, Salif Keita, and Oumou Sangaré achieving global fame. These musicians have blended traditional Malian sounds with modern influences, creating a unique and captivating style that appeals to audiences worldwide.

Cultural Significance

Music in Mali is not just entertainment; it is an integral part of the social and cultural fabric. It serves as a means of preserving history, educating the young, and fostering community cohesion. Music is also used in religious and spiritual contexts, with many songs and performances dedicated to honoring ancestors and deities.

Challenges and Preservation

Despite its rich musical heritage, Mali faces challenges in preserving its traditional music. Political instability, economic difficulties, and the influence of Western music have threatened the survival of some traditional forms. However, efforts are being made by both local and international organizations to document and promote Malian music.

Also see

• Griot
• Kora (instrument)
• Mande music
• Wassoulou music
• Desert blues