Mycobacteria

Mycobacteria are a type of bacteria that are known for their unique characteristics and their role in various diseases. They are classified as Actinobacteria, with more than 150 recognized species in this genus.

Characteristics

Mycobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content. One of the most notable characteristics of mycobacteria is their cell wall, which is thicker than in many other types of bacteria and is hydrophobic, waxy, and rich in mycolic acid. This unique cell wall contributes to their resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics.

Pathogenicity

Several species of mycobacteria are pathogenic to humans. The most notable of these are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, which cause tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively. Other species can cause diseases such as pulmonary disease (for example Mycobacterium avium complex), lymphadenitis (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum), and skin diseases (Mycobacterium ulcerans).

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases often involves microscopy, culture, and sometimes serology. Treatment varies depending on the species of mycobacteria and the disease it causes, but it often involves a combination of antibiotics.

See Also

• Tuberculosis
• Leprosy
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria

References

Mycobacteria Resources
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