Myoporum laetum

Myoporum laetum

Myoporum laetum, commonly known as ngaio, is a tree native to New Zealand that belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae. It is a fast-growing evergreen that can reach up to 10 meters in height. The tree is notable for its glossy green leaves, which contain small oil glands that are visible when held up to the light. These glands produce a distinctive smell when crushed. The ngaio tree blooms in spring and summer, producing clusters of small, white flowers that are attractive to bees. Following the flowering period, the tree bears purple, berry-like fruits that are a food source for various bird species, though they are toxic to humans and some animals.

Description

Myoporum laetum has a broad, spreading habit with a trunk that can grow up to 1 meter in diameter. The leaves are lanceolate to elliptical, measuring 5 to 10 cm in length, and are arranged alternately along the stems. The flowers, which appear in clusters, are white with purple spots and have a tubular shape. The fruit is a small, purple drupe that contains several seeds.

Distribution and Habitat

Originally from New Zealand, Myoporum laetum has been introduced to other parts of the world, including Australia and the United States, where it is used as an ornamental plant and for coastal erosion control. In its native habitat, it is found in coastal areas and lowland forests, thriving in well-drained soils and full sunlight.

Ecological Impact

While Myoporum laetum is valued for its ornamental qualities and soil stabilization properties, it has become invasive in some regions outside its native range. In areas like California, it competes with native vegetation and alters local ecosystems. Efforts are being made to manage its spread in these areas.

Uses

In addition to its use in landscaping and erosion control, the ngaio tree has traditional uses in Maori medicine. The leaves have been used to treat various ailments, although care must be taken due to the toxic compounds they contain.

Toxicity

The leaves and fruit of Myoporum laetum contain toxic compounds that can cause liver damage in humans and animals if ingested. The tree's toxicity is a concern for livestock owners in areas where it is prevalent.

Conservation

In New Zealand, Myoporum laetum is not considered at risk, but its populations are monitored to ensure that they remain healthy and sustainable. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining its natural habitat and controlling invasive species that threaten its survival.