N-type

N-type is a classification of semiconductor material. It is created by adding impurity atoms to the semiconductor in a process called doping. The name "N-type" comes from the negative charge of the electron. In N-type semiconductors, electrons have a majority presence compared to holes.

Doping

Doping is the process of adding impurity atoms to a semiconductor to change its properties. In the case of N-type semiconductors, pentavalent impurities such as phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony are added. These impurities have five valence electrons, one more than needed for bonding with the semiconductor atoms. This extra electron is free to move within the crystal lattice, contributing to electrical conductivity.

Conductivity

The conductivity of N-type semiconductors is due to the movement of free electrons. These electrons are the majority carriers in N-type materials, while holes are the minority carriers. The movement of these carriers under the influence of an electric field leads to the flow of current.

Applications

N-type semiconductors are used in a variety of electronic devices. They are often used in combination with P-type semiconductors to form P-N junctions, which are the basis for many electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, and solar cells.

See also

• P-type semiconductor
• Semiconductor device
• Doping (semiconductor)

N-type Resources
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