NKVD

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The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) (Russian: Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, romanized: Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del ) was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. It is best known for its role in the Great Purge under Joseph Stalin, during which it conducted mass arrests, deportations, and executions.

History[edit | edit source]

The NKVD was established in 1934, consolidating various state security and police functions under one organization. It succeeded the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) and was itself succeeded by the MVD in 1946.

Early Years[edit | edit source]

In its early years, the NKVD was responsible for regular police work, including criminal investigations and public order. However, it quickly expanded its role to include state security functions, such as intelligence and counterintelligence.

The Great Purge[edit | edit source]

The NKVD is most infamous for its role in the Great Purge (1936-1938), a campaign of political repression and persecution. Under the leadership of Nikolai Yezhov, the NKVD carried out mass arrests, executions, and deportations to Gulag labor camps. The purge targeted perceived enemies of the state, including Communist Party members, military leaders, and ordinary citizens.

World War II[edit | edit source]

During World War II, the NKVD was involved in various activities, including counterintelligence, espionage, and the management of Gulag labor camps. It also played a role in the deportation of various ethnic groups accused of collaborating with the enemy.

Post-War Period[edit | edit source]

After the war, the NKVD continued its state security functions until it was reorganized into the MVD in 1946. Many of its functions were transferred to the newly created MGB.

Organization[edit | edit source]

The NKVD was divided into several departments, each responsible for different aspects of state security and police work. These included the Main Directorate for State Security (GUGB), the Main Directorate for Camps (GULAG), and the Main Directorate for Border and Internal Security (GUPVO).

Legacy[edit | edit source]

The NKVD's legacy is controversial. While it played a crucial role in maintaining state security and order, it is also remembered for its brutal methods and the widespread human rights abuses it committed.