Narcissus (plant)

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Illustration Narcissus poeticus0

Floral morphology Narcissus

Narcissus Floral Diagram

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Narcissus candidissimus

Narcisa 0012

Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae family. Various common names including daffodil, daffadowndilly, narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellow (also orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus plants are native mainly to the Mediterranean region, but a few species are found through Central Asia to China. The range of forms in cultivation has been heavily expanded, with new variations appearing almost annually.

Description

Narcissus flowers have a central corona surrounded by a ring of six floral leaves or tepals, which are free or fused at the base to form a floral tube. The seeds of Narcissus are black, round, and have a hard coat. The plants are known for their ability to produce a variety of flower forms and colors due to extensive breeding.

Taxonomy

The genus Narcissus is classified in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It is closely related to the genera Amaryllis, Lycoris, and Galanthus. Narcissus is divided into several sections, including Narcissus (Pseudonarcissus), Tazetta, Jonquilla, and others, based on floral characteristics and genetic studies.

Cultivation and Uses

Narcissus species are popular ornamental plants in gardens and as cut flowers. They are particularly noted for their resistance to pests and their ability to naturalize in many climates. Narcissus bulbs are planted in autumn and can be forced into early bloom indoors during winter. The plants prefer moderately fertile, well-drained soils and are tolerant of partial shade to full sun.

Symbolism

The name "Narcissus" is linked to the Greek myth of Narcissus, a youth who fell in love with his own reflection. In Western culture, the daffodil is a symbol of hope and rebirth, often associated with spring. In contrast, in some Eastern cultures, it is seen as a symbol of wealth and good fortune.

Conservation

Some Narcissus species are considered at risk due to habitat destruction and over-collection. Conservation efforts are in place in some areas to protect these species in their natural habitats.

Gallery

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See Also

• Amaryllidaceae
• Horticulture
• Ornamental plant
• List of Narcissus species