National Medal of Science

National Medal of Science

USA Philadelphia Liberty Medal ribbon

Von Kármán receives National Medal of Science (JFKWHP-AR7727-A)

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National Medal of Science

The National Medal of Science is a prestigious award bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and physics in recognition of their significant contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the sciences. Established by Congress in 1959, the medal aims to recognize those who have made outstanding contributions to the scientific progress of the nation.

History

The National Medal of Science was established on August 25, 1959, by an act of Congress under the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower through the National Science Foundation Act of 1950. It was created to honor exceptional science and engineering research conducted in the United States. The first medals were awarded in 1962, making it one of the highest honors a scientist or engineer can receive in the United States.

Criteria and Selection Process

Candidates for the National Medal of Science are evaluated based on their contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The selection process is rigorous, involving nominations from peers within the scientific community, which are then reviewed by the National Science Foundation. Recommendations are made to the President, who makes the final decision on the recipients.

Categories

The National Medal of Science is awarded in the following categories:

• Biological Sciences
• Chemistry
• Engineering
• Mathematics and Computer Science
• Physical Sciences

Notable Recipients

Over the years, many distinguished scientists have received the National Medal of Science, including:

• Barbara McClintock – awarded for her discovery of mobile genetic elements
• Richard Feynman – awarded for his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics
• Sally Ride – awarded for her contributions to the space program and for being an inspiration in science education

Impact

The National Medal of Science not only honors individual achievements but also promotes excellence in scientific research and education. It highlights the importance of science and technology in society and encourages young people to pursue careers in these fields. The recognition brings attention to the critical role that science and technology play in advancing national interests and solving global challenges.

See Also

• National Medal of Technology and Innovation
• Nobel Prize
• Fields Medal