Necturus

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Necturus alabamensis 113150020

Gulf Coast waterdog (Necturus beyeri), St. Tammany Parish, Louisian

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Necturus lewisi

Red River Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) (42694782124)

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Necturus maculosus 147397

Apalachicola waterdog from Florida

Necturus is a genus of aquatic salamanders commonly referred to as the mudpuppies or waterdogs. These amphibians are part of the family Proteidae, which is known for its fully aquatic lifestyle and the retention of juvenile features (such as external gills) into adulthood, a condition known as neoteny. Necturus species are found in freshwater habitats across North America, particularly in the eastern United States and parts of Canada.

Description

Necturus species are characterized by their elongated bodies, broad heads, and external, bushy gills, which they retain throughout their lives. They have four limbs, with the front limbs having four toes and the hind limbs having five. Their skin is smooth and lacks scales. The coloration of these salamanders can vary but is typically a shade of brown or gray with darker spots or blotches, which helps in camouflage within their aquatic environments.

Habitat and Distribution

Mudpuppies prefer slow-moving or still bodies of water such as ponds, lakes, streams, and rivers. They are bottom-dwellers and are often found hiding under rocks, logs, or other debris. Their distribution includes various freshwater systems in North America, from southern Canada through the eastern United States, extending as far west as Texas and as far south as Georgia.

Diet

Necturus species are carnivorous, feeding on a variety of aquatic organisms. Their diet includes small fish, insects, crustaceans, and annelid worms. They hunt primarily at night, using their sensitive external gills to detect movements in the water.

Reproduction

The reproduction of mudpuppies involves external fertilization. Females lay eggs in hidden locations under rocks or in burrows. The eggs are then fertilized by the male. Unlike many amphibians, Necturus does not undergo a metamorphosis from larva to adult. Instead, they retain their larval features, such as external gills, throughout their lives.

Conservation Status

The conservation status of Necturus species varies. While some populations are stable, others are threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and changes in water quality. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving their aquatic habitats and monitoring population trends.

In Culture

Mudpuppies have a unique place in folklore and culture, often surrounded by myths and misconceptions. They are sometimes mistakenly believed to be venomous or harmful to fish populations. However, they play an important role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey.

Research and Education

Necturus species are of interest to scientists studying neoteny and aquatic adaptations in amphibians. They are also used in educational settings to teach about amphibian life cycles and conservation.