Neltuma pallida

Neltuma pallida

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Neltuma pallida tree in its natural habitat

Neltuma pallida, commonly known as the Kiawe or Palo Verde, is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to the arid regions of South America, particularly in Peru, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia. This species has been widely introduced to other regions, including Hawaii, where it has become naturalized.

Description

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Close-up of Neltuma pallida leaves

Neltuma pallida is a medium-sized tree that can grow up to 12 meters in height. The tree is characterized by its thorny branches and bipinnate leaves, which are typical of the Mimosoideae subfamily. The leaves are small and feathery, providing a delicate appearance.

The tree produces small, yellowish flowers that are arranged in dense, cylindrical spikes. These flowers are highly fragrant and attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies. The fruit of Neltuma pallida is a long, narrow pod that contains several seeds. These pods are an important food source for local wildlife.

Habitat and Distribution

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Neltuma pallida in a dry forest environment

Neltuma pallida thrives in arid and semi-arid environments, often found in dry forests and scrublands. It is well adapted to poor, sandy soils and can tolerate drought conditions. This adaptability has allowed it to spread to various regions outside its native range.

In Hawaii, Neltuma pallida has become an important part of the ecosystem, although it is considered an invasive species in some areas due to its ability to outcompete native vegetation.

Uses

Kiawe honey, a product derived from Neltuma pallida

Neltuma pallida has several uses, both traditional and commercial. The wood of the tree is dense and durable, making it suitable for use as firewood and in construction. The pods are edible and have been used as a food source by indigenous peoples.

One of the most notable products derived from Neltuma pallida is Kiawe honey. This honey is produced by bees that pollinate the flowers of the tree and is known for its light color and delicate flavor. Kiawe honey is highly prized and is considered a gourmet product.

Ecological Impact

Neltuma pallida pods

While Neltuma pallida provides benefits such as erosion control and habitat for wildlife, its introduction to non-native areas has led to ecological challenges. In Hawaii, for example, it has formed dense thickets that can displace native plant species and alter local ecosystems.

Efforts to manage its spread include mechanical removal and the use of biological control agents. However, these methods must be carefully managed to avoid unintended consequences.

Related Pages

• Fabaceae
• Invasive species
• Pollination
• Honey production