Neo-scholasticism

Neo-scholasticism is a philosophical and theological school of thought that arose in the mid-19th century. It sought to revive the thought of medieval scholasticism, particularly the thought of Thomas Aquinas, in response to modern philosophy. Neo-scholasticism was the dominant philosophical and theological school in Roman Catholic seminaries and faculties until the mid-20th century.

History

Neo-scholasticism emerged in the mid-19th century, particularly in Italy, Spain, and Belgium, as part of a broader revival of interest in medieval culture and thought. It was closely associated with the Roman Catholic Church, and was endorsed by several popes, including Leo XIII, who in his 1879 encyclical Aeterni Patris called for a revival of the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas.

Philosophy

Neo-scholasticism sought to revive the philosophical and theological system of Thomas Aquinas, which was based on Aristotelianism. Neo-scholastics argued that this system provided a comprehensive, rational account of the world and human life, and was compatible with Christian faith. They rejected modern philosophical systems, such as Kantianism and Hegelianism, which they saw as leading to skepticism and atheism.

Influence

Neo-scholasticism had a significant influence on Roman Catholic thought and education in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the dominant philosophical and theological school in Roman Catholic seminaries and faculties, and its influence can be seen in the work of many Roman Catholic theologians and philosophers of the period.

Criticism

Neo-scholasticism has been criticized for its perceived rigidity and lack of engagement with modern thought. Some critics argue that it represents a retreat into the past, rather than a constructive engagement with the challenges of the modern world.

See also

• Scholasticism
• Thomism
• Modernism (Roman Catholicism)