Neopythagoreanism

Neopythagoreanism refers to a school of thought and religious philosophy that emerged in the 1st century BC, inspired by Pythagoras and his followers. This philosophy was characterized by a profound interest in mystical numerology, metaphysical speculation, and ascetic practices.

Origins and Development

Neopythagoreanism originated in the 1st century BC, primarily in Alexandria, a city renowned for its intellectual and cultural dynamism. The philosophy was a revival of the 6th century BC thoughts of Pythagoras and his followers, hence the term "Neopythagoreanism". The most prominent Neopythagorean philosophers included Apollonius of Tyana and Numenius of Apamea.

Beliefs and Practices

Neopythagoreanism was marked by a deep fascination with the mystical properties of numbers, a concept borrowed from the original Pythagorean philosophy. Neopythagoreans believed that the entire universe could be understood through the lens of numbers and mathematical relationships.

In addition to numerology, Neopythagoreanism also emphasized metaphysical speculation. Neopythagoreans believed in the existence of a transcendent reality that was more real and more valuable than the physical world.

Ascetic practices were another key aspect of Neopythagoreanism. Followers were known to lead lives of simplicity and austerity, often abstaining from physical pleasures in pursuit of spiritual enlightenment.

Influence and Legacy

Neopythagoreanism had a significant influence on various other philosophical and religious movements. It played a crucial role in the development of Neoplatonism, a major school of thought in late antiquity. Moreover, elements of Neopythagorean thought can be found in early Christian mysticism and Gnostic texts.

See Also

• Pythagoras
• Neoplatonism
• Gnosticism