Nerve supply of the human leg

Nerve Supply of the Human Leg

The human leg, a complex structure with numerous functions, is innervated by a network of nerves that originate from the lumbar and sacral plexuses. These nerves are responsible for transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the leg. This article will provide a detailed overview of the nerve supply of the human leg.

Lumbar Plexus

The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior rami of the first four lumbar nerves (L1-L4). It gives rise to several nerves that supply the human leg, including:

• Femoral nerve: This nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh, including the quadriceps femoris muscle. It also provides sensory innervation to the anterior thigh and medial leg.

• Obturator nerve: The obturator nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh, innervating muscles such as the adductor longus, adductor brevis, and gracilis.

File:Femoral nerve.jpg

The femoral nerve, a branch of the lumbar plexus.

Sacral Plexus

The sacral plexus is formed by the lumbosacral trunk, the anterior division of the first three sacral nerves, and portions of the fourth and fifth sacral nerves. It gives rise to several nerves that supply the human leg, including:

• Sciatic nerve: The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh and all muscles below the knee. It also provides sensory innervation to the posterior thigh and most of the leg and foot.

• Superior gluteal nerve and Inferior gluteal nerve: These nerves innervate the gluteal muscles, which are responsible for movements of the hip joint.

The sciatic nerve, a branch of the sacral plexus.

Conclusion

The nerve supply of the human leg is complex and vital for the leg's function. Understanding these nerves and their pathways can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological and muscular disorders.