Neural cell adhesion molecule

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also known as CD56, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCAM1 gene. NCAM is a molecule found on the surface of neurons, glial cells, skeletal muscle and natural killer cells. It plays a key role in cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory.

Structure

NCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is composed of five immunoglobulin-like domains and two fibronectin type III domains. This structure allows it to bind to other NCAM molecules on the same cell (homophilic binding), or to other molecules on adjacent cells (heterophilic binding).

Function

NCAM plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of synaptic connections between neurons. It is involved in cell-cell adhesion, promoting cell outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. NCAM is also known to play a role in axon guidance, synapse formation, and the maintenance of synaptic plasticity in the adult brain.

Clinical significance

Alterations in NCAM function and expression have been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, NCAM is a potential biomarker for certain types of cancer, including small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma.

See also

• Cell adhesion molecule
• Neural development
• Neuroplasticity