Neurofilament

Neurofilament is a type of intermediate filament (IF) that is found in neurons. It is a major component of the neuronal cytoskeleton, and is involved in maintaining neuronal shape and facilitating intracellular transport. Neurofilaments are composed of a mix of proteins, including neurofilament light (NFL), neurofilament medium (NFM), and neurofilament heavy (NFH).

Structure

Neurofilaments are approximately 10 nm in diameter and can extend up to several micrometers in length. They are composed of a central α-helical rod domain flanked by non-α-helical head and tail domains. The rod domain is responsible for the assembly of neurofilaments into a filamentous network, while the head and tail domains are involved in interactions with other cellular components.

Function

Neurofilaments play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of neurons. They provide mechanical strength to the neuron and help to maintain its shape. In addition, neurofilaments are involved in the transport of organelles and other cellular components along the axon, a process known as axonal transport.

Clinical significance

Alterations in neurofilament levels have been associated with a number of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In these conditions, the normal balance of neurofilament synthesis and degradation is disrupted, leading to the accumulation of neurofilaments and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. This can result in neuronal dysfunction and death.

See also

• Intermediate filament
• Neuron
• Axonal transport
• Neurodegenerative diseases