Neuronal calcium sensor-1
Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. It belongs to the family of neuronal calcium sensors, which are involved in sensing and transducing calcium signals in neurons. NCS-1 is primarily expressed in the brain and is known to interact with various target proteins to modulate neuronal function.
Structure[edit | edit source]
NCS-1 is a small protein consisting of 190 amino acids. It contains four EF-hand calcium-binding domains, which are characteristic motifs found in calcium-binding proteins. These domains allow NCS-1 to bind calcium ions and undergo conformational changes in response to changes in intracellular calcium levels.
Function[edit | edit source]
As a calcium sensor, NCS-1 regulates the activity of ion channels, receptors, and other signaling proteins in neurons. It can modulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. NCS-1 has been implicated in various physiological processes, including learning and memory, motor coordination, and mood regulation.
Interactions[edit | edit source]
NCS-1 interacts with a diverse array of proteins in neurons, including ion channels such as voltage-gated calcium channels and potassium channels, as well as neurotransmitter receptors like dopamine receptor D2. These interactions are essential for NCS-1 to exert its regulatory effects on neuronal function.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Mutations in the gene encoding NCS-1 have been associated with neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Dysregulation of NCS-1 expression or function can disrupt normal neuronal signaling pathways and contribute to the pathophysiology of these conditions.
References[edit | edit source]
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Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD