Neuronal calcium sensor-1

PDB 1g8i EBI

Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a protein that plays a crucial role in neuronal signaling and synaptic transmission. It belongs to the family of neuronal calcium sensors, which are involved in sensing and transducing calcium signals in neurons. NCS-1 is primarily expressed in the brain and is known to interact with various target proteins to modulate neuronal function.

Structure

NCS-1 is a small protein consisting of 190 amino acids. It contains four EF-hand calcium-binding domains, which are characteristic motifs found in calcium-binding proteins. These domains allow NCS-1 to bind calcium ions and undergo conformational changes in response to changes in intracellular calcium levels.

Function

As a calcium sensor, NCS-1 regulates the activity of ion channels, receptors, and other signaling proteins in neurons. It can modulate neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. NCS-1 has been implicated in various physiological processes, including learning and memory, motor coordination, and mood regulation.

Interactions

NCS-1 interacts with a diverse array of proteins in neurons, including ion channels such as voltage-gated calcium channels and potassium channels, as well as neurotransmitter receptors like dopamine receptor D2. These interactions are essential for NCS-1 to exert its regulatory effects on neuronal function.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the gene encoding NCS-1 have been associated with neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Dysregulation of NCS-1 expression or function can disrupt normal neuronal signaling pathways and contribute to the pathophysiology of these conditions.