Neuroptera

Neuroptera (from the Greek neuron meaning "nerve" and pteron meaning "wing") is an order of insects that includes some 6,000 species. Neuroptera can be grouped into two suborders: the Hemerobiiformia and the Myrmeleontiformia. The diversity of Neuroptera is most represented in warmer regions, although they are found worldwide. They are commonly known as lacewings.

Characteristics

Neuroptera are characterized by their two pairs of large, membranous wings covered with a network of clearly defined, tiny veins. They have chewing mouthparts and undergo complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult). The larvae of most species are predatory and the adults of some species are also predatory, but others feed on nectar.

Classification

The order Neuroptera can be divided into the suborders Hemerobiiformia and Myrmeleontiformia. The Hemerobiiformia are the "lacewings proper", which are largely characterized by their softer body form. The Myrmeleontiformia include the antlions and their relatives, which are characterized by a particularly hard exoskeleton.

Ecology and Behavior

Neuroptera species are found in a wide range of habitats, from forests to desert. Larvae of many species are important predators of soft-bodied insects, including aphids and mites. Adult Neuroptera are typically nocturnal, and are attracted to lights.

Evolution and Fossil Record

The Neuroptera, along with the orders Megaloptera and Raphidioptera, form the superorder Neuropterida, a group of insects that share a common ancestor. The oldest Neuropteran fossils date back to the Permian period, over 250 million years ago.

See Also

• List of Neuroptera of the World
• Neuropterida
• Insect morphology