Newt

Uhandre goimenditarra

Pleurodeles waltl BUD

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BennyTrapp Calotriton asper Pyrenäen Spanien

Taricha torosa, Napa County, CA

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Erpétologie générale, ou, Histoire naturelle complète des reptiles (Pleurodeles waltl)

T.anguliceps (cropped)

Newt is a common name that refers to small, slender amphibians belonging to the family Salamandridae, which is part of the order Urodela. Newts are closely related to salamanders, with the primary distinction being that newts are more aquatic in nature. They are known for their ability to regenerate lost body parts, including limbs, eyes, and even parts of the heart, making them subjects of significant interest in biology and regenerative medicine.

Characteristics

Newts are characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, short limbs, and a tail. They can be found in a variety of colors and patterns, which often serve as camouflage or warning signals to predators. Newts go through a life cycle that includes aquatic larval and adult stages, with some species also having a terrestrial juvenile stage known as an eft.

Amphibian skin is permeable to water and contains glands that produce toxins, a defense mechanism against predators. Newts share this trait and can release toxins through their skin when threatened. The toxicity varies among species, with the European newts (genus Triturus) and the North American newts (genus Notophthalmus) being particularly known for their potent skin secretions.

Habitat and Distribution

Newts are found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including North America, Europe, and Asia. Their habitats range from moist, forested areas to ponds, streams, and lakes where they can be seen foraging for food, which primarily consists of invertebrates, such as insects, worms, and small mollusks.

Reproduction

The reproduction of newts involves aquatic courtship displays, where males often exhibit bright colors and perform elaborate dances to attract females. After mating, females lay eggs individually on aquatic plants. The eggs are surrounded by a jelly-like substance that provides protection. The development from egg to larva, and in some species through a terrestrial juvenile stage before returning to water as adults, is a fascinating aspect of newt biology.

Conservation

Many newt species are facing threats from habitat loss, pollution, and the introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts are in place in various parts of the world to protect these unique amphibians. Research on newts, particularly their regenerative abilities, continues to offer insights into potential medical applications, including limb regeneration and tissue repair in humans.

In Culture

Newts have often been depicted in folklore and literature as creatures with mystical properties. Their ability to regenerate is particularly emphasized in tales and myths where they are often associated with healing and renewal.