Nile River

Nile River
Native name
Physical characteristics
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Mouth	Mediterranean Sea
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Basin size	3,400,000 km²
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The Nile River is one of the world's longest rivers, flowing over 6,650 kilometers (4,130 miles) through northeastern Africa. It drains into the Mediterranean Sea. Its major sources are located in the countries of Uganda, where it begins at Lake Victoria, and it flows north through Sudan and Egypt.

Course

The Nile is conventionally considered to be the longest river in the world. The river's primary source is Lake Victoria, but it has many tributaries, the most significant being the Blue Nile and the White Nile. The Blue Nile begins in Ethiopia at Lake Tana, and the White Nile starts in Uganda. The two rivers meet near the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.

History

The Nile has played a critical role in the civilization, culture, and life of the region. It was essential to the development of the ancient Egyptian civilization, with most of the population and cities of Egypt lying along those parts of the Nile valley lying north of Aswan. The fertile flood plains of the Nile allowed the Egyptians to practice agriculture in a desert area, crucial for the development of their civilization.

Economy

The Nile is still crucial to the economy of Egypt and Sudan. The river supports agriculture through both its water supply and the rich silt it deposits. The Aswan Dam, completed in 1970, controls the river's flow, which is vital for irrigation and supplies most of the electricity used in Egypt.

Ecology

The Nile supports a variety of ecosystems along its length, including forests, savannas, and deserts. It is home to numerous species of fish and birds, and its basin supports diverse animal species. However, the river's ecology faces threats from pollution, dam construction, and water overuse.

Cultural Significance

The Nile has immense cultural and spiritual significance. It has been worshipped as a god in various cultures and has inspired countless myths, religious beliefs, and artistic expressions. The river remains a source of inspiration and livelihood for millions of people who live along its banks.

See also

• List of rivers of Egypt
• Geography of Egypt
• Water resources management in modern Egypt