South Sudan

File:South Sudan Oyee! (instrumental).ogg

A South Sudanese girl at independence festivities (5926735716)

Southern Sudan Civil War

President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama greet His Excellency Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of the Republic of South Sudan (cropped)

South Sudan Independence

South Sudan 003

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a country located in East-Central Africa. It gained independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011, making it the newest country with widespread recognition. Its capital and largest city is Juba.

Geography

South Sudan is bordered by Sudan to the north, Ethiopia to the east, Kenya, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south, and the Central African Republic to the west. The country includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd formed by the White Nile, locally called the Bahr al Jabal. The country's biodiversity includes savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife.

History

The region of South Sudan has a history of conflict and displacement, with its people fighting for independence for decades. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005 ended the second Sudanese civil war and laid the groundwork for a referendum that led to the country's independence in 2011. However, South Sudan has faced ongoing challenges, including civil conflict, political instability, and humanitarian crises since its independence.

Politics

South Sudan is a republic with a presidential system of government. The President of South Sudan is the head of state, government, and commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army. The country has faced significant political challenges, including leadership disputes and civil conflict. Efforts to achieve peace and stability are ongoing, with various international actors involved in mediation and peacekeeping efforts.

Economy

The economy of South Sudan is heavily dependent on oil production, which accounts for almost all of the government's revenue and the majority of its gross domestic product (GDP). However, the economy faces numerous challenges, including lack of infrastructure, political instability, and the effects of ongoing conflict. Agriculture also plays a critical role in the livelihoods of the majority of the population, with many engaged in subsistence farming.

Demographics

South Sudan is ethnically and culturally diverse, with over 60 different ethnic groups. The largest ethnic groups are the Dinka, Nuer, and Shilluk. Despite its diversity, the country has experienced ethnic tensions and conflict. English is the official language, reflecting its colonial history under the British-Egyptian condominium. Christianity is the majority religion, followed by traditional African religions.

Culture

The culture of South Sudan is a reflection of its ethnic diversity, with each ethnic group contributing its traditions, languages, and arts. Music and dance play an important role in social and cultural expressions, with traditional songs and dances performed during various ceremonies and festivals.

Challenges

South Sudan faces numerous challenges, including political instability, ethnic conflict, humanitarian crises, and underdevelopment. The international community continues to provide humanitarian aid and support peacekeeping and conflict resolution efforts in the country.