Nisse (folklore)

Nisse1

Kerstin MA foto Marie A.tif

Nisse

Nisser i vinduskarmen

Glædelig Jul, 1885

Nisse (plural: Nisser) are mythological creatures from Nordic folklore, often associated with the winter solstice and the Christmas season. They are akin to gnomes or elves in other cultures' folklore. Traditionally, a Nisse is depicted as a small, elderly man, approximately three feet tall, with a long white beard and wearing a conical or knitted cap in red or some other bright color. These beings are thought to reside in the pantries or barns of the homestead and secretly act as a guardian. If treated well, they protect the family and animals from evil and misfortune, and may also aid in chores and farm work. However, they are known to have a quick temper, especially when offended or neglected. They demand respect and good treatment and in particular, they enjoy receiving a bowl of porridge with butter on Christmas Eve. This offering is a way to pacify them and ensure their continued support.

Origins and History

The origins of the Nisse can be traced back to pre-Christian times, being deeply rooted in Scandinavian paganism and the ancestral cult. The belief in household spirits is a common theme in Norse mythology and was later intertwined with Christian traditions, evolving into the modern-day character associated with Christmas. The name Nisse is a derivative of the name Nils, which itself is a form of Nicholas. Over time, the Nisse became a part of the Scandinavian Christmas tradition, embodying the spirit of goodwill and the magic of the holiday season.

Characteristics

Nisser are often described as having an appearance similar to that of a small, elderly man. They wear traditional peasant garb that includes a bright cap, which is a key part of their depiction. Despite their small size, they possess an immense strength. They are generally benevolent but are known to play pranks or cause mischief if they feel insulted or if their efforts are not appreciated. The lore suggests that a happy Nisse will keep the farm animals healthy and help with household chores, but a slighted Nisse might kill livestock or spoil the milk.

Cultural Significance

In Scandinavian culture, the Nisse plays a significant role during the Christmas season. The tradition of leaving out porridge for the Nisse on Christmas Eve is a widespread practice in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. This custom not only honors the Nisse but is also a nod to the region's agricultural past, highlighting the importance of the homestead and the well-being of its inhabitants and animals. The Nisse is also featured in many Scandinavian Christmas songs, stories, and decorations, embodying the essence of Christmas spirit and the historical roots of Nordic folklore.

Modern Depictions

Today, the Nisse is often depicted in a more whimsical and less fearsome manner than in traditional folklore. They are popular characters in children's books, television shows, and Christmas decorations throughout Scandinavia and in areas with a strong Scandinavian heritage. The modern Nisse still wears the traditional red cap but is now often seen as a benign, elf-like figure associated with Christmas presents and festivities rather than the farmstead guardian of old.

See Also

• Elves in Norse mythology
• Christmas traditions
• Scandinavian folklore
• Yule and Christmas in Scandinavia