Nitrates

Nitrates are polyatomic ions or inorganic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms. The term nitrate is also used to refer to the salts of nitric acid and organic compounds that contain the nitrate functional group.

Chemistry

Nitrates are the salts of nitric acid. They contain the nitrate ion (NO3−), which is a polyatomic ion with the molecular structure N–O–O–O. The three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar structure around the nitrogen atom, with bond angles of 120°.

Occurrence

Nitrates are naturally occurring compounds that are found in the Earth's crust, in the atmosphere, and in bodies of water. They are also produced by certain types of bacteria in a process called nitrogen fixation.

Uses

Nitrates are used in a variety of applications. They are a key component of fertilizers, as they are a readily available source of nitrogen for plants. They are also used in the production of explosives, in the food industry as a preservative, and in medicine for the treatment of heart conditions.

Health effects

While nitrates are essential for plant growth, excessive levels can be harmful to humans and animals. High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Long-term exposure to high levels of nitrates has also been linked to certain types of cancer.

See also

• Nitric acid
• Nitrogen fixation
• Methemoglobinemia

Nitrates Resources
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