Nitro

Nitro is a chemical compound that contains the nitro functional group (NO2). This group consists of three atoms: one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. Nitro compounds are often used in the production of explosives due to their ability to release a large amount of energy when detonated.

History

The first known nitro compound, nitroglycerin, was synthesized by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero in 1847. Sobrero's discovery led to the development of dynamite by Alfred Nobel in 1867, which revolutionized the mining and construction industries.

Properties and Uses

Nitro compounds are typically unstable and highly reactive, making them ideal for use in explosives. They are also used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Some nitro compounds, such as nitroglycerin, are used in medicine to treat heart conditions.

Health Effects

Exposure to nitro compounds can have serious health effects. Inhalation or skin contact can cause irritation, while ingestion can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Long-term exposure can result in damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.

Safety

Due to their instability, nitro compounds must be handled with care. They should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and open flames. Protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection should be worn when handling nitro compounds.

See Also

• Nitroglycerin
• Dynamite
• Explosive material
• Functional group

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