Non-combatant

Non-combatant is a term in the law of war describing civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities, as well as combatants who are hors de combat – that is, out of the fight. Non-combatants may not be attacked and are entitled to protection under the Geneva Conventions.

Definition

The term "non-combatant" is often used synonymously with "civilian". However, under the law of war, a non-combatant is a civilian who is not taking a direct part in hostilities. Non-combatants are afforded a degree of legal protection from being intentionally killed or injured during an armed conflict.

Legal Status

Under the Geneva Conventions, non-combatants are protected from being the object of attack. They are entitled to respect for their lives, their dignity, their personal rights and their political, religious and other convictions. They are protected against all forms of violence and reprisals. They have the right to medical care and to protection against the hardships of war.

Rights and Protections

Non-combatants have the right to be treated humanely at all times. They are protected against all forms of violence, including murder, torture, cruel treatment, and outrages upon personal dignity. They are also entitled to respect for their religious and moral convictions.

Violations

Violations of the rights and protections afforded to non-combatants under the Geneva Conventions constitute war crimes. These can include, but are not limited to, intentionally killing civilians or other persons who are not taking a direct part in hostilities, attacking civilian objects, taking hostages, and using prohibited weapons.

See Also

• Law of war
• Geneva Conventions
• War crimes
• Civilian

Non-combatant Resources
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