Norcocaine

Norcocaine

Norcocaine is a minor metabolite of cocaine. It is formed in the body by the metabolism of cocaine by the liver, specifically by the action of the enzyme cocaine esterase. Norcocaine is a potent stimulant and has been associated with the intense euphoria and addiction potential of cocaine.

Chemistry

Norcocaine is a tropane alkaloid and is structurally similar to cocaine, with the primary difference being the absence of a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. This structural difference results in a significant change in the pharmacological properties of norcocaine compared to cocaine.

Pharmacology

Norcocaine is a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor, meaning it increases the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain by blocking its reuptake into neurons. This results in increased dopamine activity, which is associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. Norcocaine also inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, contributing to its stimulant effects.

Toxicology

The toxicity of norcocaine is similar to that of cocaine, with the potential for cardiovascular toxicity due to its stimulant effects. However, norcocaine is less commonly encountered in clinical settings due to its status as a minor metabolite of cocaine.

Metabolism

Norcocaine is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme N-demethylase to produce norcocaine nitroxide. This metabolite is highly reactive and has been implicated in the hepatotoxicity associated with cocaine use.

See also

• Cocaine
• Cocaine esterase
• Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
• N-demethylase