Normalization (people with disabilities)

Normalization (People with Disabilities)

Normalization is a concept in the field of disability studies and social policy that refers to the process of making the lives of people with disabilities as "normal" as possible. This involves ensuring that individuals with disabilities have access to the same opportunities, rights, and responsibilities as those without disabilities. The concept of normalization has been influential in shaping policies and practices aimed at improving the quality of life for people with disabilities.

History

The concept of normalization originated in Scandinavia in the 1960s, particularly in Denmark and Sweden. It was first articulated by Bengt Nirje, a Swedish disability rights advocate, who emphasized the importance of allowing people with disabilities to live lives that are as close as possible to the "cultural norms" of society. The idea was further developed by Wolf Wolfensberger, a German-American psychologist, who introduced the principle of normalization to North America.

Principles

Normalization is based on several key principles:

• Valued Social Roles: People with disabilities should be supported to assume valued social roles in society. This includes roles such as employee, student, neighbor, and friend.
• Integration: Individuals with disabilities should be integrated into mainstream society rather than being segregated in special institutions or programs.
• Participation: People with disabilities should have the opportunity to participate in all aspects of community life, including education, employment, and recreation.
• Self-Determination: Individuals with disabilities should have the right to make choices about their own lives and to have control over their own destinies.

Impact

The normalization principle has had a significant impact on disability policy and practice. It has led to the deinstitutionalization movement, which advocates for the closure of large, segregated institutions for people with disabilities and the development of community-based services. It has also influenced the development of inclusive education practices, where students with disabilities are educated alongside their non-disabled peers.

Criticism

While normalization has been widely influential, it has also faced criticism. Some argue that the focus on "normalcy" can be limiting and that it may inadvertently reinforce societal norms that marginalize people with disabilities. Critics suggest that the emphasis should be on diversity and acceptance of differences rather than conformity to societal norms.

Related Concepts

Normalization is related to several other concepts in disability studies, including Social Role Valorization, Inclusion (disability rights), and Person-centered planning. These concepts share a common goal of promoting the rights and dignity of people with disabilities.