Northern lights

Northern Lights

The Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis, are a natural light display predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions around the Arctic and Antarctic. The phenomenon is caused by the collision of solar particles and gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

Etymology

The term "Aurora Borealis" is derived from the names of the Roman goddess of dawn, Aurora, and the Greek term for the north wind, "Boreas". The term "Northern Lights" is a direct translation of the term used by Galileo Galilei, who is often credited with naming the phenomenon.

Scientific Explanation

The Northern Lights are the result of collisions between gaseous particles in the Earth's atmosphere and charged particles released from the sun's atmosphere. Variations in colour are due to the type of gas particles that are colliding. The most common auroral color, a pale yellowish-green, is produced by oxygen molecules located about 60 miles above Earth. Rare, all-red auroras are produced by high-altitude oxygen, at heights of up to 200 miles. Nitrogen produces blue or purplish-red aurora.

Observation

The Northern Lights are most commonly observed within the Auroral Oval, a region centered on the magnetic north pole. This region expands and contracts based on solar activity. The lights are best observed in dark, clear skies away from city lights, typically between September and March.

Cultural Significance

The Northern Lights have been the subject of numerous myths and legends. Many indigenous cultures, including the Sami of Scandinavia and the Inuit of North America, have stories and beliefs connected to the lights. In modern times, they are a popular tourist attraction and subject of photography.

See Also

• Aurora Australis
• Geomagnetic storm
• Solar wind

References

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