Notoedric mange

Notoedric Mange is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the mite Notoedres cati. Primarily affecting cats, particularly feral and stray populations, it can also occasionally infect other animals, including dogs and rabbits, and in rare instances, humans. The disease is characterized by severe itching, hair loss, and the formation of scabs and crusts on the skin. It is similar to sarcoptic mange, caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, but is specific to Notoedres cati.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of notoedric mange is intense itching (pruritus), leading to excessive scratching and grooming by the affected animal. This results in hair loss, particularly around the ears, head, neck, and eventually, the entire body if left untreated. The skin may also display scabs, crusts, and signs of secondary infection due to the constant scratching.

Diagnosis is typically made by a veterinarian through skin scrapings, where the presence of Notoedres cati mites or their eggs confirms the disease. Differential diagnosis should exclude other causes of dermatitis, such as allergies, fungal infections, or other types of mange.

Transmission

Notoedric mange is highly contagious and is transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal. The mites can also survive for a short period in the environment, making indirect transmission possible through contaminated bedding, grooming tools, or other objects.

Treatment

Treatment involves the administration of acaricides, medications that kill mites, either topically or systemically. Ivermectin, selamectin, and lime sulfur dips are commonly used treatments. All animals in contact with the infected individual should be treated simultaneously to prevent re-infestation. Environmental decontamination is also recommended.

Prevention

Preventive measures include minimizing contact with infected animals and maintaining a clean environment. Regular veterinary check-ups and prompt treatment of any signs of skin disease can help prevent the spread of notoedric mange.

Public Health Concerns

While notoedric mange is primarily a disease of animals, it can occasionally infect humans, causing temporary skin irritation and rash. Human cases are self-limiting, as the mite cannot complete its life cycle on humans.

See Also

• Mange
• Sarcoptic mange
• Demodectic mange
• Skin diseases of cats