Notonectidae

Notonecta maculata MHNT

Notonecta glauca01

Notonectidae are a family of aquatic insects commonly known as backswimmers because they swim upside down. They are part of the order Hemiptera, which includes various types of insects that share a common characteristic of having mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking. Notonectidae are found in a wide range of freshwater habitats around the world, including ponds, lakes, and streams.

Description

Notonectidae are easily recognizable by their unique swimming position, upside down, under the water surface. They range in size from 2 to 16 mm. Their bodies are streamlined and boat-shaped, which aids in their swimming. The backswimmers use their long, oar-like hind legs to propel themselves through the water with rapid, jerky movements. These legs are also fringed with hairs that increase their surface area, making them more efficient for swimming. The coloration of Notonectidae varies, but they are often light-colored on their back (which faces the water's bottom) and darker on their belly (which faces the water's surface), a form of counter-shading that helps protect them from predators both above and below.

Biology and Ecology

Notonectidae are predatory insects, feeding on a variety of aquatic organisms, including small fish, tadpoles, and other insects. They have a sharp beak that they use to inject enzymes into their prey, which liquefies the insides of the prey, allowing the backswimmer to suck out the nutritious contents.

Reproduction in Notonectidae involves the male grasping the female from below and mating while swimming. Females lay their eggs on aquatic plants or in the substrate. The development from egg to adult can take several weeks to months, depending on the species and environmental conditions.

Notonectidae play a significant role in the aquatic ecosystems, both as predators and as prey for other animals, such as fish and birds. However, their bite can be painful to humans, earning them the nickname "water bee."

Distribution

Notonectidae are found in freshwater environments worldwide, from tropical to temperate regions. Their ability to fly allows them to disperse and colonize new habitats easily.

Systematics

The family Notonectidae is divided into several genera, including Notonecta, the most widely recognized genus. The classification within the family is based on morphological characteristics such as the structure of the legs, wings, and body shape.

In Culture

Due to their unique swimming behavior and painful bite, Notonectidae have captured human interest and occasionally appear in literature and folklore.

Conservation

While many species of Notonectidae are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and pollution can impact their populations. Conservation efforts for freshwater ecosystems indirectly benefit the Notonectidae by preserving their habitats.