O-Cresol

O-Cresol (also known as ortho-cresol, 2-methylphenol, or 2-cresol) is an organic compound that is a derivative of phenol. It is one of the three isomeric cresols, the others being m-cresol and p-cresol. O-Cresol is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct odor, slightly soluble in water, and more easily soluble in organic solvents. It is commonly found in coal tar and creosote and is used in the manufacture of disinfectants, synthetic resins, and as a solvent.

Properties

O-Cresol has the chemical formula C7H8O and a molecular weight of 108.14 g/mol. It has a boiling point of 191 °C and a melting point of 30.9 °C. Being a phenol derivative, o-cresol can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions and can act as a weak acid in aqueous solutions.

Production

O-Cresol is produced industrially by the distillation of coal tar or by the methylation of phenol. Another method involves the sulfonation of toluene followed by alkaline hydrolysis.

Uses

O-Cresol is used in the production of phenolic resins, which are widely used in the construction and automotive industries due to their adhesive properties. It is also a precursor to various chemicals and pharmaceuticals, including antioxidants, dyes, and fragrances. In addition, o-cresol serves as a disinfectant and pesticide due to its antimicrobial properties.

Health and Safety

Exposure to o-cresol can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It is toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Long-term exposure may lead to more severe health effects, including damage to the liver and kidneys. Safety measures include using personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensuring proper ventilation in areas where o-cresol is used or stored.

Environmental Impact

O-Cresol is considered a pollutant and can have harmful effects on aquatic life. It is subject to regulations regarding its release into the environment. Biodegradation and photodegradation are the primary means of o-cresol removal from the environment.

Regulation

In many countries, the production, use, and disposal of o-cresol are regulated to protect human health and the environment. This includes limits on occupational exposure and guidelines for the safe handling and storage of o-cresol.

See Also

• Phenol
• Cresols
• Coal tar
• Phenolic resins